Canadian Faculty Members' Hopes and Anxieties About the Near-Future of Higher Education

Higher education worldwide is facing several challenges spanning from economic, social, technological, demographic, environmental, to political tensions. Calls to rethink, reimagine, and reform higher education to respond to such challenges are ongoing, and need to be informed by a wide variety of stakeholders. To inform such efforts, we interviewed thirty-seven faculty members at Canadian colleges and universities to develop a greater understanding of their hopes and anxieties about the future of higher education as they considered what higher education may look like five years into the future. Results centred on four themes: (1) anxieties and hopes are shaped by supports and resources from various sources, (2) faculty members face anxiety over matters that negatively impact them but are beyond their control, (3) faculty members hope that "good” comes from the COVID-19 pandemic, and (4) faculty members hope for a well-rounded education that will enable students to succeed both within and beyond their careers. Implications for these findings suggest a need to direct research efforts and practices toward more hopeful futures for higher education, especially in the context of online and blended learning. © 2022 George Veletsianos, Nicole Johnson.

Prediction of Anxiety Disorders using Machine Learning Techniques

Anxiety disorders have seen an elevating number since the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper aims at identifying more about the various anxiety disorders using machine learning Techniques. Further, symptoms of the types of anxiety disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder are also discussed. The datasets used in the paper are collected by researchers from hospitals/organizations/educational institutions mainly through questionnaires and surveys. Some of the many Machine Learning techniques used for prediction of these anxiety disorders include Random Forest, Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine among others. Lastly, the performance metric for the techniques is presented here and henceforth, the result is drawn from this available data followed by the conclusion. © 2022 IEEE.

Quantitative Study on the Anxiety Level of High School Students in Pandemic Life

COVID-19 has impacted life of high school students worldwide. As distant learning became prevalent in the pandemic, the form of social anxiety has been taken from contingent and noncontingent interaction to a new degree of internet interaction, which will be divided into traits of loneliness, self-doubt, and internet reliance. This paper presented a survey resulting from a range of 235 students either distant or in-person learning examining their anxiety level in the three degrees. In addition, results were separated in grade and gender to test a deeper understanding of various factors that affect the level of social anxiety. Two factorial MANOVA analyses were executed with the result indicating no interaction significance between gender∗class grade∗class but significance difference among the gender level under the three anxiety variables. This contradicts the concept of what we define pandemic and online learning as greatly depressing. As distant learning became prevalent, one cannot conclude this mode had influenced students to become more anxious compared to the in-person learning ones, but the result of the study supported the idea that a higher anxiety level was reached in the general high-school students. © 2022 IEEE.

How did the Covid19 pandemic affect reproductive choices in Hungary?

In this research our aim was to answer the question how the COVID-19 pandemic affected reproductive choices in Hungary. To answer this question, we conducted semi-structured interviews in the autumn of 2020 with forty men and women aged 18-45 having no children or only one child. The results show that the most important direct impact of the pandemic was the burden on the healthcare system, especially mothers and fathers reported this concern. Besides the negative effect on the healthcare system, social distancing rules had mixed effects on fertility plans. If the mother was on maternity leave, while the father worked from home it had a favourable impact, but if the mother worked in a paid job, then that had a negative effect on fertility plans, while childless women did not report any effects. Regardless of the pandemic, the financial situation of families played a key role in fertility intentions. We also found evidence that additional insecurities, such as the fear of losing one’s job and how individuals see their future prospects, can influence reproductive choices. © 2022, Hungarian Sociological Association. All rights reserved.

State-Trait Anxiety Levels, Dental Anxiety Levels and Vaccine Hesitancy in a Group of Turkish Dental Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in Söke Region: Analytical Survey: Turkiye Klinkeri Journal of Dental Sciences

Amaç: Çin'in Wuhan şehrinde 2019 yılında koronavirüs hastalıǧı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] adı verilen yeni bir hastalık keşfedildi ve hızla birçok ülkeye ulaştı. Bu dönemde insanların ruh saǧlıǧı olumsuz etkilendi. Bu çalışmanın amacı, diş hekimine gelen hastaların COVID-19 pandemisi sırasındaki anksiyete düzeylerini deǧerlendirmek, diş merkezine başvuru nedenlerini belirlemek ve COVID-19 aşı tereddüt oranlarını araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastalara, belirtilen konular ve demografik verilerden oluşan anket formu dolduruldu. Anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek için Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)] skalası ve dental anksiyeteyi deǧerlendirmek için de CorahDental Anksiyete Skalası (DAS) kullanıldı. Bulgular: DAS skorları, hastaların düşük düzeyde dental anksiyeteye sahip olduǧunu gösterirken;STAI-S ve STAI-T skorları, çoǧu hastanın orta derecede anksiyeteye sahip olduǧunu gösterdi. Cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eǧitim ve ikamet yeri daha yüksek DAS ve/veya STAI puanları ile ilişkilendirildi. Hastaların %28,31'inde aşı tereddüdü bildirildi. COVID-19 aşısının yan etkileri ve bilinmeyen uzun vadeli etkileri, aşı tereddüdünün ana nedenleri olarak gösterildi (%34,13). Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında Söke Bölgesi'nde diş hekimine başvuran bir grup Türk hastada, anksiyete ve aşı tereddüdü olduǧunu ortaya koymaktadır.Alternate :Objective: A new disease called coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19), was discovered in the city of Wuhan in China and has quickly reached many countries. During this period, mental health of people was affected negatively. This study aimed to evaluate the anxiety levels of dental patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, determine the reasons for admission to the dental center, and to investigate the rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Material and Methods: A questionnaire consisting of the stated topics and demographic data was completed by the patients. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales were used to determine anxiety levels and the Corah-Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was also used to assess dental anxiety. Results: The DAS scores showed that patients had low levels of dental anxiety, while STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores showed that most patients were moderately anxious. Gender, age, marital status, education, and location of residence were associated with higher DAS and/or STAI scores. Vaccine hesitancy was reported in 28.31% of patients. Side effects and the unknown long-term effects of the COVID-19 vaccine were given as major reasons for vaccine hesitancy (34.13%). Conclusion: Our results reveal that there was a concerning level of anxiety and vaccine hesitancy in a group of Turkish dental patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Soke Region.

Psychological Inflexibility Predicts Depression and Anxiety During Covid-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 has affected people across the globe in psychosocial and economic aspects. This process has been difficult for most people, even more for some others including (teachers, administrators at educational settings) working in educational settings. The purpose of this study was to understand the predictive effect of psychosocial factors (gender, age, marital status, Additional Time Spent (ATS) on social media, ATS internet compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic and expert programs), and psychological inflexibility on depression and anxiety for teachers employed in the Ministry of Education during the pandemic. Participants included 514 adults (49% women). The findings of the study revealed that psychological factors and psychological inflexibility together explained 47% of the variance in depression and 42% of the variance in anxiety. Specifically, gender, social media and psychological inflexibility were significant predictors of both depression and anxiety during the pandemic. In addition to the predictive effect of psychosocial factors, these results indicated that psychological flexibility was important to develop further evidence based mental health services to address psychopathology and enhanced wellbeing. The findings of the study were discussed in the light of literature, and some suggestions were provided for future research and practice.

The Effect of a Yoga Intervention on Physical and Psychological Outcomes in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

Studies have found that yoga may be beneficial to patients with chronic diseases by improving physical functioning, cardiovascular risk factors, and mood disorders. To date, minimal research has been conducted on the benefits of yoga in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Yoga utilizes postures, breathing, and meditation to help focus the mind and engage the body in low-to-moderate physical activity. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of conducting a chair yoga study and compare the effects of a four-week chair yoga intervention on psychological and physiological outcomes in a sample of 31 patients on chronic hemodialysis. At study completion, the chair yoga group had significantly lower depression and anxiety scores, and diastolic blood pressure than the standard care group. This study demonstrated the difficulty in recruiting participants for yoga studies. Future studies with larger sample sizes and over longer durations of time should be conducted to further validate findings. In addition, further exploration of interventions to promote motivation in this population to participate in similar low-intensity exercises needs to be conducted.

Razlike u percipiranome temperamentu dojenčeta, povezivanju s dojenčetom i mentalnom zdravlju između majki koje doje i onih koje ne doje

Dojenje je povezano s raznim zdravstvenim blagodatima za majku i dijete, stoga krovne zdravstvene organizacije preporučuju dojenje najmanje do navršenih 6 mjeseci. S obzirom na nedosljedne rezultate u literaturi, cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio ispitati razlike izmeðu majki koje doje i onih koje hrane djecu nadomjesnim mlijekom u nekim sociodemografskim i opstetričkim čimbenicima, percipiranom temperamentu dojenčeta, kvaliteti povezivanja majke s djetetom te mentalnom zdravlju (depresivnosti, anksioznosti, stresu). Takoðer, htjeli smo provjeriti koliko ispitivane varijable pridonose objašnjenju varijance načina prehrane dojenčeta. Majke (N = 284) dojenčadi u dobi do šest mjeseci ispunile su upitnike u online istraživanju. Korišteni su Upitnik karakteristika dojenčeta (ICQ), Edinburški upitnik poslijeporoðajne depresivnosti (EPDS), Upitnik depresije, anksioznosti i stresa (ljestvice anksioznost i stres;DASS-21), Upitnik povezivanja nakon poroðaja (PBQ) te upitnik općih podataka. Rezultati su pokazali da su majke koje doje višeg obrazovanja, izvještavale su o nižoj stopi hitnoga carskog reza te su poroðaj rjeðe procjenjivale traumatičnim. Majke koje doje svoju su dojenčad percipirale više neprilagodljivima i nepredvidivima. Nije pronaðena značajna razlika u ostalim sociodemografskim i opstetričkim karakteristikama, kvaliteti povezivanja s dojenčetom, kao ni u mentalnom zdravlju izmeðu majki koje doje i onih koje ne doje. Regresijska analiza pokazala je da dojenju značajno pridonosi više obrazovanje majke, niža stopa traumatičnoga iskustva poroðaja te neprilagodljivi temperament dojenčeta. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu formiranja dodatne podrške dojenju kod majki koje su imale poroðaj hitnim carskim rezom ili koje su poroðaj doživjele traumatičnim. Takoðer, majke dojilje potrebno je podržati u uspostavi predvidljivije rutine hranjenja i pristupanju dojenčetu s težim temperamentom.Alternate :Breastfeeding is associated with numerous health benefits for the mother and the child. Therefore, global health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first six months of an infant's life. Considering the inconsistent results within the literature, this study aimed to examine the differences between breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding mothers in sociodemographic and obstetric factors, perceived infant temperament, quality of mother-infant bonding and maternal mental health (depression, anxiety, stress). We also wanted to explore how much these variables contribute to the variance of the infant feeding method. The online study involved 284 mothers of infants up to the age of six months. The following questionnaires were used: Questionnaire (ICQ);Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS);Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21;Anxiety and Stress subscales);Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), and the general data questionnaire. The results showed that breastfeeding mothers had higher education, had less frequently emergency caesarean sections, and evaluated their childbirth as a traumatic experience less often. Also, breastfeeding mothers reported significantly more unadaptable and unpredictable temperament of their infants. However, there was no significant difference between breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding mothers in other sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, bonding or mental health. Higher education, non-traumatic childbirth and more unadaptable infant temperament contribute to explaining breastfeeding. The findings suggest the need for breastfeeding support for mothers who had an emergency caesarean section or a traumatic birth experience. Moreover, breastfeeding mothers need adequate help establishing a more predictable feeding routine and the optimal approach to the infant with a difficult temperament.

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Covid-19 on Work-Life Stress of Managers

Stress is now common word and issues for everyone in this pandemic situation regardless of their age and gender. The aim of this paper is to examine the level of work-life stress among managers, because of work demand from job and support provided by the organization to complete the job. The developmental workplace stressors assessment questionnaire has been used for collecting data from 197 working managers who are working with different organizations, through standard Google form between May to August, 2020. The nature of job in some cases are work from home at this COVID situation. For analyzing data, simple descriptive, inferential and bivariate analysis were done. No signification relationships have been found between age and gender with stress. However, correlations have been found moderate to high among some of the factors responsible for creating stress among managers. This study has been done on entry to the mid-level management with the selective factors of developmental workplace stressors assessment questionnaire which was not found in earlier research on work-life stress measurement in the context of Bangladesh. Future researchers may explore work-life stress with remaining set of factors (variables) with different set of sample composition.

Evaluation of Vaccine Hesitancy, Anti-Vaccination, and Anxiety Levels for Medical Secretaries During COVID-19 Pandemic

On December 31, 2019, after reporting the existence of pneumonia cases of unknown cause in Wuhan city of Hubei province of China, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the virus causing the disease is a member of the coronavirus family. Study Protocol and Ethics Committee Approval This Study involving human participants was in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. In order to select a sample that can represent this universe, When Type I error amount (alpha) was chosen as 0.05, test power (1-beta) as 0.8, effect size as 0.23, and alternative hypothesis (H1) as two-tailed. the minimum number of participants required to find a significant difference was calculated as 149. The questions querying the sociodemographic characteristics of the Study can be briefly defined as follows: variables such as age, gender, marital status, number of children, education level, smoking, working unit (service, intensive care, emergency unit, operating room, polyclinics), presence of chronic disease (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma, COPD, cardiovascular disease), statuses of working in COVID-19 clinics during pandemic process, being infected with COVID-19 disease, being vaccinated against COVID-19, presence of hesitation about general vaccination programs, presence of hesitation about the COVID-19 vaccine, the status of believing in the protection of the COVID-19 vaccine, ideas on making the COVID19 vaccine legally mandatory, status of catching COVID-19 disease, if COVID-19 was caught after vaccination, after which vaccine and after which dose and situations that worry the person during COVID-19 process

Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Negative Mood: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older and Younger Adults

Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has been associated with emotional processing and affective psychopathology. Negative and withdrawal stimuli and behaviors have been related to high levels of right cortical activity, while positive and approach stimuli and behaviors have been related to increased left cortical activity. Inconsistent results in terms of depressive and anxious symptoms and their relationship to FAA have been previously observed, especially at older ages. Additionally, no studies to date have evaluated whether loneliness, a negative feeling, is related to FAA. Therefore, this study aimed (i) to compare FAA between younger and older adults and (ii) to investigate the possible relationships between loneliness, depressive and anxious symptomatology with FAA in young and older adults. Resting electroencephalogram recordings of 39 older (Mage = 70.51, SD = 7.12) and 57 younger adults (Mage = 22.54, SD = 3.72) were analyzed. Results showed greater left than right cortical activity for both groups and higher FAA for older than younger adults. FAA was not predicted by loneliness, depressive or anxious symptomatology as shown by regression analyses. Findings bring clarity about FAA patterns at different ages and open the discussion about the relationship between negative emotional processing and frontal cortical imbalances, especially at older ages.

Physical Activity and Healthy Habits Influence Mood Profile Clusters in a Lithuanian Population

Moods have been investigated previously in a range of cultural contexts. In our study, we investigated if six mood profiles previously identified, termed the iceberg, inverse Everest, inverse iceberg, shark fin, submerged, and surface profiles, were also evident among a Lithuanian sample. A Lithuanian translation of the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS-LTU) was completed by a sample of 746 participants (male = 199, female = 547) aged from 17–78 years (M = 41.8 years, SD = 11.4 year). Seeded k-means cluster analysis clearly identified the six hypothesized mood profiles, the prevalence of which reflected previous findings. Cluster prevalence varied significantly by sex, age, exercise and smoking status, frequency of overeating, and self-rated health of participants. Male participants and older adults were under-represented for the inverse Everest profile and over-represented for the iceberg profile. Those who reported more healthy habits (i.e., exerciser, non-smoker, rarely overeat) and those reporting better self-rated health were over-represented for the iceberg profile and under-represented for negative mood profiles;namely, the inverse Everest, inverse iceberg, and shark fin profiles. Findings supported the cross-cultural invariance of the mood profile clusters and confirmed the link between unhealthy habits and negative mood profiles.

The potential use of probiotics in alleviating psychological symptoms of long covid-19

IDDF2022-ABS-0207 Figure 1ConclusionsA potential connection exists between the psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 and the gut microbiome. These findings also provide insights on probiotics as a potential adjunctive treatment to conventional psychotropic medications in alleviating psychiatric sequelae post COVID-19.

Parental mental health and associations between living in temporary accommodation and socio-political determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic

576 Figure 1Is the adjusted odds ratio (OR) plot showing the odds of an increased rank of depression severity with living in Temporary Accommodation as the main exposure and each predictior variable given all the other variables were held constant in the model[Figure omitted. See PDF] 576 Figure 2Is the adjusted odds ratio (OR) plot showing the odds of an increased rank of anxiety severity with living in temporary accommodation as the main exposure and each predictior variable given all the other variables were held constant in the model[Figure omitted. See PDF]22.9% and 20.0% of TA parents/caregivers had severe anxiety and moderate anxiety compared to 4.0% and 25.0% of non-TA parents/caregivers, respectively. For parents/caregivers living in TA, the odds of a more severe anxiety rank were 2.46 times higher (95%CI:1.27–4.75). Other significant factors for anxiety were: Very Low Food Security (OR 4.45, 95%CI:3.26–6.08);families ‘finding it very difficult’ financially (OR 1.62, 95%CI:0.96–2.73). [Figure 2]ConclusionFamilies living in TA had a greater odds of poor parental mental health outcomes, which was further compounded by factors including NRPF status, financial insecurity, food insecurity and poor housing environments. Poor parental mental health is an adverse childhood experience (ACE) directly impacting both the health and wellbeing of the parent and child throughout the life course. Targeted policies and tailored community-based mental health strategies, including the co-location of mental health and housing support within settings already accessed by TA families with under 5s, are vitally needed, since this vulnerable group is at higher risk of poorer parental mental health and a higher ACE count, which is exacerbated by the unsuit ble and unsafe TA environment.

Support needs of Children and Young People with Autism (ASD) during the Covid-19 Pandemic- Learning from a local picture

AimsChildren with ASD are known to find alterations within their routines particularly distressing.[1 2 3] Children with Special Educational Needs (SEND) may be especially vulnerable to the negative effects of abrupt changes and prolonged periods of isolation.[4]Aim: To identify the reasons carers of children with ASD accessed our service during the covid-19 pandemic and glean how best to serve their needs should there be further lock-downs.Methods• We identified clients that contacted the Autism Service between March and November 2020 (N=26)• A consent protocol, telephone interview template and risk management protocol was developed and administered by a trained interviewer.• Up to 3 attempts were made to reach the service user• Clients were informed that ‘There will be no direct risks or negative impact on your child, or on the service that you will receive from us, now or in the future if you choose not to participate or if you give us negative feedback.’• The Interviewer collected information about the reason for making contact, whether it was covid specific, how helpful the response was and suggestions for future lockdowns.• Qualitative methodology was used to collate and analyze the data.Results• Of 26 clients identified, 2were siblings. Telephone interviews were conducted with 16/25 (64%) parents/carers.• 11/16 (69%) attributed the reason for making contact to Covid-19 impact on their child or services they hoped to receive. These were as follows: Concern about language regression and therapy provision, deterioration in behaviour, sleep problems, increasing anxiety, need for respite and enquiry about post diagnosis support.• 50% (8/16) felt the response received was helpful for the reason they made contact. (Contact was made for some needs that would not be dealt with by the Paediatric service.)• Respondents made suggestions about how we could improve: communication, response time to queries and overall support e.g. access to on line resources, sleep course and virtual support groups whilst also acknowledging that some suggestions were unrealistic in the face of a killer pandemic. What was most valued was someone to talk to/listen.ConclusionParents of children with SEND reported larger increases in stress and anxiety than their counterpart’s children during the COVID-19 lockdown.[2] In our busy service, a very small proportion of parents made contact for help. The reason for contact was anxiety in 3/16 (19%).Respondents’ suggestions have since been addressed through offer of virtual workshops and a National Autistic Society Family support Worker to address post diagnosis queries releasing clinicians time for where their expertise is most required.ReferencesThe Lancet Psychiatry. [Online] 7 (6), 481–483.Eshraghi, A. A. et al. (2020) COVID-19: Overcoming the challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. [Online] [ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04577-2 Asbury, K. et al. (2020) How is COVID-19 Affecting the Mental Health of Children with SEND and Their Families?Research in Developmental Disabilities. [Online] 108103822. Alhuzimi, T. (2021)Stress and emotional wellbeing of parents...CMAJ. [Online] 192 (21), E587–E587.Smile, S. C. (2020) Supporting children with ASD in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic

Dark side consequences of cyberchondria: an empirical investigation

Purpose>Cyberchondria refers to the repeated and excessive search for health-related information online, associated with increased health anxiety. This paper utilizes the protection motivation theory to investigate the negative behavioral consequences of cyberchondria that pose health risks to users, such as trust in the physician, propensity to self-medicate, and therapy compliance.Design/methodology/approach>The data for the study were collected from a sample of 317 participants in India using an online survey and form. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling.Findings>Cyberchondria negatively affects the trust in physician and positively affects the propensity to self-medicate. Trust in physician negatively affects the propensity to self-medicate and positively affects therapy compliance. Furthermore, trust in physician partially mediates the relationship between cyberchondria and the propensity to self-medicate and completely mediates the relationship between cyberchondria and therapy compliance. Cyberchondria has no direct significant effect on therapy compliance.Research limitations/implications>Researchers need to examine other behavioral or psychological factors affected by the reduced trust in physicians due to cyberchondria.Practical implications>Physicians and health care providers should refocus on patients with cyberchondria and regain their trust through quality interactions and services. Policymakers may consider regulating online health information publication to set the standards of information quality and source. Websites and platforms publishing health information online should distinctly label verified information.Originality/value>This study investigates the damaging effects of cyberchondria's behavioral consequences that pose health risks to users.

What Shapes Undergraduate Students' Satisfaction in Unstable Learning Contexts?

This paper investigates what determinants, and to what extent, they influence students' satisfaction in unstable learning contexts. Using a national-scaled sample of Vietnamese HEIs with a sound theoretical background, we find that regardless of instabilities from external shocks, the key factors that shape students' satisfaction are fixed by traditional norms (self-efficacy, infrastructure, lecturer) rather than occasional factors occurring from each event. We find in particular that self-efficacy is the most influential factor for students' satisfaction and friendship is the most prominent element that enhances students' self- efficacy. Overall, this paper enriched the literature on student satisfaction, especially during unstable contexts. Thus, it has important implications for educators and HEIs stakeholders in management planning in the time to come.

Investigating Depression and Anxieties of Individuals in Terms of Various Variables in the Process of Coronavirus Outbreak: Turikish Psychological Articles

There are few international studies (Huang & Zhao, 2020;Li et al., 2020;Wang et al., 2020) on the mental health effects of Covid-19, and the number of these studies need to be increased in countries struggling with the epidemic (Ravi Philip Rajkumar, 2020). [...]current research aimed to examine the predictors of depression and anxiety during Covid-19 outbreak in Turkey and to see the influence of perceieved social support, awareness of healty life and emotion regulation on depression and anxiety. According to this;the predictors of depression were determined as gender, age, presence of someone in the risky group at home, anxiety about infecting with the virus, whether thinking a solution for the epidemic or not, health awareness, cognitive reappraisal strategy and social support. According to the results of the regression analysis for depression, the model was found to be significant and the predictors explained 30% of the depression (F(8,556) = 29.71,p < 0.001, R = 0.55, R2 = 0.30). According to the results of the regression analysis for anxiety, the model was found to be significant and the predictors explained 15% of the anxiety (F(4,562) = 23.59,p < 0.001, R = 0.38, R2 = 0.15). According to the results, the predictors of depression are gender, age, presence of someone from the risky group at home, anxiety about spreading the virus to the individual, whether thinking a solution for the epidemic or not, cognitive reappraisal and perceived social support.

Unemployment Anxiety in Light of the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic and Its Relationship to Psychological Reassurance among Graduate Students at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University

This research explored the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on increasing the unemployment anxiety levels of graduate students at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University. To fulfill the objective of this study, 120 graduate students at the mentioned university were selected based on the convenience sampling method as the participants of the study. Sixty participants lost their jobs during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic, but the rest had jobs. After determining the participants’ job conditions, the researchers administered Zung’s (1971) anxiety questionnaire via e-mail, Telegram, WhatsApp, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, WeChat, Google Meetings, and other social media platforms. One hundred and seven students (56 employed and 51 unemployed) completed the questionnaire and sent it back to the researchers. The parametric results divulged a notable difference between the anxiety level of the employed and unemployed groups, implying that the unemployed participants had much more anxiety during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. The implications of this research can be compelling for governments to take practical actions during fatal disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic.